I'd like to be able to search for a term and then refine the results with a certain date and be able to see a past version of a document.
I've seen other questions asking about past versions of SharePoint but nothing about Online out of the box. (Can SharePoint 2013 do full text search also in older versions of a document?)
No changes in functionality has been made in this respect with regards to SharePoint Online versus on-prem.
So far, we can't do this, both online and on-prem versions can't do it.
As a workaround, you can export version history, which makes it easy for you to view.
You can refer to this similar situation below: Exporting item list version history
