I stopped the central administration from the Application server, and now I can't configure anything on SharePoint.
Is there a way to restart it again? I have only one application server.
You can start Central administration service instance via Sharepoint Management PowerShell as the following
Get-SPServiceInstance
The central administration
will be listed > Mark its GUID that surrounded by orange.
Put it in the following cmdlet Start-SPServiceInstance -Identity <ServiceGUID>
to be like this Start-SPServiceInstance -Identity 12ab21be-868a-41d1-ba46-3dffe09d82c1
Now the central administration should be started and navigated.