How to get groups and their roles/permissions on each individual subsite, without including groups from child elements (such as libraries)?

Question

Using CSOM and C#, how can I get the groups that have permissions on a site along with their roles, given that I have the name of the subsite?

Language might be a barrier here, and I tend to explain things more difficult than they really are. So. To get a visual idea of what I'm trying to achieve, please just do the following:
While on a SharePoint site (any site, doesn't matter if it is the top site level or a subsite) on which you have administrator rights, click on the settings icon at the top right and choose "Shared with...". Then click on "Advanced".
You then see a list of groups and their roles (like "Edit", "Read", "Contribute" and so on).
That is what I am trying to retrieve using C#. A list that shows just that.

So far I managed to get a nice list of all groups in a subsite along with their roles, but the list also shows me the groups for each and every page library, document library and list library in the subsite. Basically it shows me all the groups, from all underlaying libraries. And that's not the result I was searching for.
So if there is a way to get the groups for each individual subsite, if possible even for each individual library (because I'll be needing that in the future), then that would be greatly appreciated.

Thanks in advance for your time!

EDIT:
In reply to Brandon C., I adapted your code to this:

if (web.HasUniqueRoleAssignments)
{
   RoleAssignmentCollection rCol = web.RoleAssignments;
   context.Load(rCol);
   context.ExecuteQuery();
   foreach (RoleAssignment rAssign in rCol)
   {
      Console.WriteLine(rAssign.Member + " - " + rAssign.RoleDefinitionBindings);
   }
}

However in the console I then get this for each role assignment in the role assignment collection:

Microsoft.SharePoint.Client.Principal - Microsoft.SharePoint.Client.RoleDefinitionBindingCollection

Answer 1

Try this

            var ogroup = context.Web.AssociatedOwnerGroup;
            var mgroup = context.Web.AssociatedMemberGroup;
            var vgroup = context.Web.AssociatedVisitorGroup;

            context.Load(ogroup);
            context.Load(mgroup);
            context.Load(vgroup);
            context.ExecuteQuery();

            var currentWebGroups = new List<string>() {ogroup.LoginName, mgroup.LoginName, vgroup.LoginName};

            var assignments = context.Web.RoleAssignments;
            context.Load(assignments, assignment => assignment.Include(role => role.Member, role => role.RoleDefinitionBindings));
            context.ExecuteQuery();

            foreach (var roleAssignment in assignments.Where(assignment => currentWebGroups.Contains(assignment.Member.LoginName)))
            {
                Console.WriteLine(roleAssignment.Member.LoginName + " - " + roleAssignment.RoleDefinitionBindings.First().Name);
            }

Answer 2

I believe I answered a question of yours earlier that was similar to this, so if what I am posting is pretty much te same and wrong, just let me know :)

It should work with this, right?

Change the write-host to whatever you want to store the string as, or something

Try doing it this way then? I don't have a way to write the code, so I have no way of checking if my stuff is correct, so take it at face value :)

if(list.hasUniqueRoleAssignments)
{
   SPRoleAssignmentsCollection myRoleCollection = list.RoleAssignments;
   foreach (SPRoleAssignment myRole in myRoleCollection)  {

      write-host myRole.Member.Name " - ";
      foreach (SPRoleDefinition roleDefinition in myRoleCollection.RoleDefinitionBindings)
      {
         write-host roleDefinition.Name ", ";
      }
   }
 }

I'm having a little trouble figuring out how to get the role name printed, but that'll print every group in the subsite I think.