Yes, it is possible. I created a site column called Test in the Host Web and then I used this code to add it to a list in the App Web.
$(document).ready(function () {
var context = SP.ClientContext.get_current();
var web = context.get_web();
var fields = web.get_availableFields();
var testField = fields.getByTitle("Test");
var lci = new SP.ListCreationInformation();
lci.set_title("Test");
lci.set_templateType(SP.ListTemplateType.genericList);
var list = web.get_lists().add(lci);
list.get_fields().add(testField);
context.executeQueryAsync(success, fail);
function success() {
var message = jQuery("#message");
message.text("List added");
}
function fail(sender, args) {
alert('Error:' + args.get_message());
}
});