This page almost has it right:
http://blog-sharepoint.blogspot.com/2009/12/where-is-sharepoint-webconfig.html
However, for whatever reason it's saying you'll find several of the web.config files in the 60 folder when, as you suppose correctly, they should be in the 14 hive (is this SP2013? I haven't gotten to use it yet). I'm just going to note the ones in the 14 hive below.
web.config configuration file(s) for extending other virtual servers
Local_Drive:\Program Files\Common Files\Microsoft Shared\Web Server Extensions\14\CONFIG
web.config file which defines configuration settings for the /_vti_bin virtual directory
Local_Drive:\Program Files\Common Files\Microsoft Shared\Web Server Extensions\14\ISAPI
web.config file which defines configuration settings for the /_layouts virtual directory
Local_Drive:\Program Files\Common Files\Microsoft Shared\Web Server Extensions\14\TEMPLATE\LAYOUTS
web.config configuration file for Central Administration pages.
Local_Drive:\Program Files\Common Files\Microsoft Shared\Web Server Extensions\14\TEMPLATE\ADMIN\Locale_ID