"Site actions" -> "Site settings" -> "List Templates" doesn't show my templates after deployment, and I can't maually add them (or delete them, as I can't see them).

Unfortunately, same result...after deployment, the new template does not exist in the library. I ended up just manually creating the lists on this server (which is staging), and when I deployed the wsp to the production box, the templates installed just fine. Chalking it up to a quirk on this box.