I am having the same issue as seen in https://stackoverflow.com/q/9699451/240372 yet the solution does not work for me.
The ID's for my Content Types are the following
A 0x01080100B98211051B3409DB40D35D1515D2AB36
B 0x01080100B98211051B3409DB40D35D1515D2AB36003EE4B5580C5846B6BE74BFC41A663388
The order in my features manifest is the following
<Feature xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/sharepoint/" Id="270999a6-d404-498a-83d4-3bab69d723c2" Scope="Web" Title="My Workflow WebFeatures">
<ElementManifests>
...
...
<ElementManifest Location="A\Elements.xml" />
<ElementManifest Location="B\Elements.xml" />
</ElementManifests>
</Feature>
Yet I still get the following error
Error occurred in deployment step 'Activate Features': The parent content type specified by the content type identifier 0x01080100B98211051B3409DB40D35D1515D2AB36 does not exist.