I hope that you want to change a column header like following.

[![enter image description here][1]][1]

So you can accomplish it by using JsLink. Just override the `OnPreRender` like following 

    OnPreRender: function(ctx) {
        var fileName = ctx.ListSchema.Field[1];
        fileName.DisplayName = "File Name";
    }

By above code I am changing the first column's header. So my after view is looking now like following 

[![enter image description here][2]][2]

My full code is given below

    SP.SOD.executeFunc("clienttemplates.js", "SPClientTemplates", function() {
    
      function getBaseHtml(ctx) {
        return SPClientTemplates["_defaultTemplates"].Fields.default.all.all[ctx.CurrentFieldSchema.FieldType][ctx.BaseViewID](ctx);
      }
    
      function init() {
    
        SPClientTemplates.TemplateManager.RegisterTemplateOverrides({
    
           OnPreRender: function(ctx) { 
           var fileName = ctx.ListSchema.Field[1];
          fileName.DisplayName = "File Name";
           },
    
          Templates: {
    
          //     View: function(ctx) { return ""; },
          //     Header: function(ctx) { return ""; },
          //     Body: function(ctx) { return ""; },
          //     Group: function(ctx) { return ""; },
          //     Item: function(ctx) { return ""; },
          //     Fields: {
          //         "<field internal name>": {
          //             View: function(ctx) { return ""; },
          //             EditForm: function(ctx) { return ""; },
          //             DisplayForm: function(ctx) { return ""; },
          //             NewForm: function(ctx) { return ""; }
          //         }
          //     },
          //     Footer: function(ctx) { return ""; }
    
          },
    
          // OnPostRender: function(ctx) { },
    
          ListTemplateType: 101
    
        });
      }
    
      RegisterModuleInit(SPClientTemplates.Utility.ReplaceUrlTokens("~siteCollection/Style Library/change-title.js"), init);
      init();
    
    });


**I asked you a question in comment but you did not bother to reply. JsLink is only available is SharePoint 2013.**

For SharePoint 2010 see [here][3]


  [1]: https://i.sstatic.net/TY0s3.png
  [2]: https://i.sstatic.net/a7Bhu.png
  [3]: https://sharepoint.stackexchange.com/questions/50004/how-to-change-column-title-for-a-view-but-not-modify-the-list/58090#58090