I have a couple farms setup with SharePoint 2010.
The dev farm is a single server with everything on it (except for the database), and another test farm has multiple web front ends and an app server (UPS is running on app server).
On the dev farm, if I add a new user to AD, login as that user into SharePoint, and navigate to the user's My Profile page (in My Sites), the user profile is created WITH all the attributes from AD pre-populated.
On the test farm, if I add a new user to AD, and login as that user into SharePoint, and navigate to the user's My Profile page (in My Sites), the user profile is created WITHOUT all the attributes from AD pre-populated. And I have to wait for the daily sync to run to get the properties populated.
I have tried to look at permissions and security throughout and can't figure out the difference between the two environments, except for the server architecture (WFE+APP, vs single server install). The app pool accounts in the test farm both have Administrator and Full permissions on the user profile application service.
Any ideas?