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I'm new to SharePoint and I have a question. If you already have an existing intranet or extranet infrastructure and you want to create(/expose) another one, should I create a new site collection, a new web application or extend the existing web application to a new zone?

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It can depend on circumstance. But normally its best to create a new site collection. Web applications are quite resource hungry, the more you have the more load you are placing on the farm.

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Information architecture with SharePoint is not easy when you're just starting out with the product. The used terminology alone can be very misleading.

A very good resource for knowing the differences between sites, site collections and web applications can be found here:

http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc263121.aspx

In general you would want to create more site collections within the same web application for scalability reasons. A site collection is a boundary for a lot of things like branding, navigation and security. There are of course many reasons to create additional web applications too.

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