I don't think what you're attempting to do is possible with the native SharePoint field types.
Normally Custom Field Types define a FieldEditorUserControl that lives in %SharePoint folder%/TEMPLATE/CONTROLTEMPLATES
. This defines what to show to the users when adding/editing a field type.
Some of the native field types have controls in there (LookupFieldEditor.ascx
for example), but most rely on code built-in to the add/edit page itself (I believe). Editing the controls would be pointless anyway, as you've got no way of adding code-behind, and hence can't actually store the values.
So what you want to achieve can most likely only be done by producing a range of Custom Field Types that inherit from all the native field types and define their own field editor user controls: This would be an extraordinarily large and thankless task.