If you are adding a web part of list on modern page, you can manually enter a name to list web part when you add it on modern page.
In Edit mode, after adding list web part, click on List name.

Change the name as per your requirements like:

Publish/Republish the page.
Output:

If you are within a SharePoint list & want to change the name, just double click on list name.
It will open a popup like below where you can rename the list & click Save:

Note:
- It will rename the list & it is not specific to particular list view
- The name of list web part will not change automatically when you change the list view from Switch view options dropdown.
Documentation: Use the List web part