You cannot use file name in a calculated column formula. You can create a SharePoint designer workflow that runs on item creation and update the columns with data extracted from file name.
As you are using SharePoint online, I will recommend you to use Microsoft flow to do the same. You can use below action in sequence:
- When a file is created - This will be your trigger after uploading a file.
- Update file properties - In this action you can set your fields using filename you get from first action.

If you want a file name with extension then you can use File name with extension in Title property in Update file properties action.