This is possible using SharePoint Framework extensions application customizer, where you can inject a CSS to your page. Here is a link to Microsoft article which shows how to do that.
Now, using the above mentioned way you can override the CSS classes used in your SharePoint online modern pages. Here, you might see one problem, the css class names can be like 'title-12345a', 'link-12345a' etc., where a additional string of characters will be seen after the actual class names. To match those unknown characters using your CSS, you will have to use css selectors. Here is a w3 schools article on how to use it.
[class^="appContainer-"],
[class*=" appContainer-"] {
font-size: 20px;
}
[class^="title-"],
[class*=" title-"] {
font-weight: bold;
font-size: 30px;
}
[class^="link-"],
[class*=" link-"] {
font-size: 15px;
}