Is there a way in SharePoint to delete out whole parts of the SharePoint item tracking options? (e.g.: I do not need the field related issues or priority)
If possible, I would also like to amend the categories:
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Sign up to join this communityChris is right - check for content types. Go to List Settings (or Task List settings if you have a Task List...the settings menu is pretty much the same either way). Then select 'Advanced Settings', then you'll come to this screen:
If Allow managemend of content types is set to 'No' this means that you can not hide the Related Issues column. If it is set to 'Yes' I would have expected to see a Content Types header in the screen shot you posted - then you would have clicked on the content type name (Item or Task might be the name) then you could set the column to hide.
BTW a content type is simply a collection of columns that are grouped together to be managed.
So, if you aren't using content types, go to the List Settings page->then under the 'Columns' section (like in the screen shot you posted)->click on 'Related Issues' then delete it. It will then disappear from your form.
If possible, I would also like to amend the categories:
-> Do this via the List Settings - under the Columns header click on e.g. Status, then you are editing the column. You can change the categories there.
Looks like a task list, you can go to list settings and choose to hide them in content types section or delete the columns all together.