Yes it absolutely possible like the good ole days of SSOM.
Go to the your listinstance.xml > elements.xml as below:

Then inside the xml, structure add your data as below:
<ListInstance Title="List1"
OnQuickLaunch="TRUE"
TemplateType="100"
Url="Lists/List1"
Description="My List Instance">
<Data>
<Rows>
<Row>
<Field Name="Title">Test1</Field>
</Row>
<Row>
<Field Name="Title">Test2</Field>
</Row>
<Row>
<Field Name="Title">Test2</Field>
</Row>
</Rows>
</Data>
</ListInstance>
Here, the default values should be inside <Data><Rows><Row>
. After that, just deploy your app and default values would be present.
