NO Slaven is incorrect! this is one way, any changes you make through sharepoint would not make any changes through AD! You should only need to make changes through AD and let Sharepoint handle the rest ;)
Sharepoint like its search counterpart need the same process in AD user profile updating! i think what your looking for is 'Schedule profile synchronization'
through PowerShell:
full code:
$UserProfileService= Get-SPServiceApplication | ? { $_.TypeName -eq 'User Profile Service Application' }
$UserProfileService.StartImport($true)
How can I schedule the User Profile Service to run a full sync weekly?
the code above would only sync once tho! so as john noted to setup Windows Scheduled Task to run the script every night or weekend!
for 2013 or 2010:
This is to set a timed schedule to run! this should be set over night or over weekend as it can be heavy on system!
http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee890103.aspx
UPDATE
your error relates to not loading the lib for sharepoint snapin!
two options here! one add it through code or two load sharepoint powershell:
1)
add this code first before any other code:
Add-PSSnapin "Microsoft.SharePoint.PowerShell"
$UserProfileService= Get-SPServiceApplication | ? { $_.TypeName -eq 'User Profile Service Application' }
$UserProfileService.StartImport($true)
if code runs fine then you need to stick it into a text file, copy code above and paste into text file. Next you need to save the file... give it a meaningfull name and save. Next goto the file location and change the .txt part to .ps1 ... it should now be a powershell script file instead of a file. You can then setup a Windows Scheduled Task to execute the file when ever you want :) . If you have notepad++ than you can create a new file and just save it with the .ps1 extention instead!
2)
run this powershell instead:
EDIT
please make sure that the connection now exists!
goto:
Central Adminsitration > Application Management > Manage service applications > User Profile Service Application > Manage User Profiles > select 'Configure Synchronization Connections'
once loaded make sure you can see the connection, if you can than its setup and you can click on it to edit..
once in the edit screen you should be able to see some setup configs for domains and user account name that you would use to connect with.
first step is make sure that your setup is correct:
make sure:
'type' is set to 'active directory'
'Authentication' is set to 'windows authentication'
put in a valid account name and password that is at farm level for now.
now the important part is the containers section. please see if you have any populated?
if not click on 'populate container' this should connect to AD with the account details above and populate all AD containers. if the grandparent is checked, uncheck and recheck... if its unchecked than just check it. you can select any other container you wish or deselect as you wish. This will sync the containers with sharpoint.
once finished click on the OK button below and you should be all good to go!
image is a bit messy but contains all important parts, as you can see all containers are loaded and it has a tick around the group that i need and the grandparent is ticked
let me know if you get into any issues!