A downgrade to an earlier version of Office helps:
Open command prompt
Type
cd %programfiles%\Common Files\Microsoft Shared\ClickToRun
Type
officec2rclient.exe /update user updatetoversion=16.0.11029.20108
I don't fully understand that version number that needs to be specified. I used the Update history for Office 365 ProPlus page for help.
Update
There is a new version of Office available via the regular update channels that fixes the problem. It's still version 1812. The build number is 11126.20266.
We have also indication that the problem has been fixed for the earlier build 11126.20196. So it remains unclear how it has been fixed.