I had this same issue. I was keeping track of versions and had a workflow running when I uploaded a document to my document set. When ever it was uploaded I received the same error. What I found is that the
The "Automatically update the workflow stat to current stage name" was actually creating a new version. this
This caused a problem with the form thinking it was creating v.2 when in reality it was creating v.3 so I received the something went wrong message. I unchecked
To solve the Automatically update.... and I did not have any more issue, in SharePoint Designer, in 'Settings', uncheck "Automatically update the workflow stat to current stage name".