The ScriptlinkScriptLink
control works only relative to the "_layouts/15"_layouts/15
Folder, and "~".
The ~
-Placeholderplaceholder for URLs workworks only on defined places in SharePoint-Controls controls (unless you do the replacement by yourself in your control). That are are the reasonyreasons why your approaches don´t work.
So
So either place your jqueryjQuery-Files in the "Layouts"layouts
-Pathpath of your SharePoint-Farm farm, or use a serverrelativeserver relative or absolute Pathpath in the Attribute<script src="...">
Attribute.