Agnes Molnar has your answer.
http://www.itunity.com/article/filter-empty-values-search-693
For example, I wanted to exclude all expired items without excluding items that have no expiration date.
So based on the referenced example, I added:
-ExpirationTime:1900-01-01..{Today-1}
-ExpirationTime:1900-01-01..{Today-1}
So any result that does have an expiration date, and whose expiration date is less than today, does not get returned.