Most probably it occurs since List.TemplateType and ListTemplateFeatureId properties for a out-of-the-box Custom List (Feature ID:00BFEA71-DE22-43B2-A848-C05709900100) are passed instead of your custom List.

How to determine List TemplateFeatureId and TemplateType properties

• TemplateType: the list of available List template types could be found on this page

• TemplateFeatureId: to determine FeatureId property, you could save your list as a template, then go to List Template Gallery page (/_catalogs/lt/Forms/AllItems.aspx) and find the Feature Id value of the corresponding list.

How to create a List based on custom list template via JSOM

The following example demonstrates how to create custom Tasks list:

var context = SP.ClientContext.get_current();
var web = context.get_web();

var listInfo = new SP.ListCreationInformation();
listInfo.set_title('Project Tasks');
listInfo.set_description('Project Tasks');
listInfo.set_templateType(SP.ListTemplateType.tasksWithTimelineAndHierarchy); 
listInfo.set_templateFeatureId('F9CE21F8-F437-4F7E-8BC6-946378C850F0''<custom tasks feature id>');
var list = web.get_lists().add(listInfo);

context.executeQueryAsync(
     function () {
        console.log(String.format('List {0} has been created successfully',list.get_title()));
     },
     function (sender, args) {
        console.log(args.get_message());
     }
);