I think it is possible, you can try it using JavaScript, something
like this
<a name="#Chapter1">Chapter 1</a>
and then click event as
<a onclick="javascript:this.href='#Chapter1';" href="javascript:;">Chapter 1</a>
but you can also try another solution
Edit your publishing page and select some text. Now click “Insert/Link/From Address”. In the pop up window just type “/” for the “Address” field. Remove “/” from the URL field and add “#Chapter1” or equivalent value to “Bookmark”. Now you will be able to create an anchor to “#Chapter1”. Just select some other text in your page. Now click “Insert/Link/From Address”. In the pop up window just type “#Chapter1” for “Address”. Save and your inpage link will work.
Reference : anchor-links-tags-in-sharepoint-2010