I believe in SharePoint 2007 you could authenticate a user programatically (without a password) using something like this: FormsAuthentication.RedirectFromLoginPage(username, false);
In SharePoint 2010 since FBA moved to claims we need to use something like this: SPClaimsUtility.AuthenticateFormsUser(site, username, password);
Is there an equivalent using SharePoint 2010 that you can use that does not require a password?