Sign up for a cloud trial instance of SharePoint. Then, watch the Lynda guide. http://www.lynda.com/SharePoint-2010-tutorials/essential-training/65720-2.html This will teach you what a working instance of SharePoint is for... yes that does take a couple of days or so of full-time learning. It's important to know this before you try to set it up, otherwise you'll be completely lost.
Chuck the could trial instance and start reading Microsoft Press SharePoint Administrator's Companion book. When you feel comfortable, start to build your own environment in VMs. You'll probably want a TechNet subscription to get all the software (or use trials - don't use foundation), and you'll need a 4 core machine with 8GB RAM and 200GB free space, minimum. 3 Tier architecture.
To be honest, I think you'd have to be already pretty knowledgable to pass this with only 2 weeks prep time. I would recommend skimming the companion book first, reading a few random pages in depth, and getting a feel for the complexity of the system. That'll give you a good idea on whether you should just give up now or not...